Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo gukoresha uburyo bwo gufunga valve hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa cryogenic busaba ko valve zifungwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa "two-way valves" bwakoreshejwe ahanini mu bwoko bubiri bwa valves, ari zo valves zo mu bwoko bwa "globe" na valves zo mu bwoko bwa "fixed ball valves/top mounted fixed ball valves". Ariko, hamwe n'iterambere rya "two-way cryogenic ball valves", abashushanya systems babonye uburyo bwiza kurusha valves zo mu bwoko bwa "ball valves" zisanzwe-valve z'umupira zirerembaIfite umuvuduko mwinshi w'amazi, nta mbogamizi igira ku cyerekezo cy'amazi n'icyerekezo cyo gufunga cy'amazi, kandi ishobora gukora neza mu gihe cy'amazi ashyushye. Kandi ingano ni nto, uburemere ni bworoshye, kandi imiterere yayo yoroshye.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha amatara akoresha amashanyarazi busaba amatara akoresha amashanyarazi arimo aho amatanki yo kubikamo amazi akoreshwa mu kuzuza no gusohora umuriro, imiyoboro ifunze irimo umwuka ushyushye, gazi n'amazi akoreshwa mu gushonga, imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye mu masitasiyo ya LNG, sisitemu zo gutwara ibintu, n'amatanki, sisitemu zo gukwirakwiza amazi, aho amatanki asukura amashanyarazi n'aho amatanki asukura lisansi ya LNG, ndetse n'amatanki akoresha gazi karemano (GVUs) ajyanye na moteri zikoresha lisansi ebyiri ku bwato.
Mu buryo bwavuzwe haruguru, valve zo gufunga inzira ebyiri muri rusange zikoreshwa mu kugenzura no kuzimya amazi akoreshwa hagati. Ugereranyije n'ubundi bwoko nkavalve z'umupira, bafite ibibazo byinshi:
Igipimo cy’umuvuduko w’amazi (Cv) kiri hasi - ibi bizagira ingaruka ku guhitamo ingano zose z’imiyoboro bireba kandi bizaba imbogamizi ishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bw’umuvuduko w’amazi.
· Gukenera gushyiraho uburyo bwo gufunga no kugenzura ibintu bukoresha umurongo umwe (linear actuators) kugira ngo bukore imirimo yo gufunga no kugenzura - ugereranije n'uburyo bwo gufunga bukoresha umurongo umwe bukoreshwa mu kugenzura no gukoresha valve z'umupira n'izindi valve z'umurongo umwe, ubwo bwoko bw'ibikoresho bufite imiterere igoye kandi irahenze. Igiciro n'imiterere y'ibikoresho byuzuye bya valve na actuator biragaragara cyane.
· Iyo valve yo kuzimya ikoreshejwe kugira ngo habeho akazi ko kuzimya byihutirwa gasabwa na sisitemu nyinshi za LNG, imiterere y'akazi izaba iri hejuru kurushaho.
Ku nyubako nto za LNG (SSLNG), ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru bizagaragara cyane, kuko izi sisitemu zigomba kuba nto, zihendutse, kandi zifite ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gutembera kugira ngo zigabanye igihe cyo gupakira no gupakurura.
Igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi (flow coefficient) kiri hejuru y'icya valve y'umubumbe ifite ingano imwe. Mu yandi magambo, ni ntoya mu bunini nta ngaruka ku muvuduko w'amazi. Ibi bivuze ko ingano, uburemere n'ikiguzi cya sisitemu yose y'imiyoboro ndetse na sisitemu yose bigabanuka cyane. Muri icyo gihe, bishobora kongera cyane inyungu ku ishoramari (ROI) rya sisitemu zifitanye isano.
Birumvikana ko valve zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu gufunga ibyuma zikoresha ibyuma bito (cryogenic float ball valves) zikoreshwa mu buryo bumwe, ibyo bikaba bidakwiye mu bihe byavuzwe haruguru bisaba ko valve ifungwa mu buryo bubiri.
Inzira imwe ugereranije n'inzira ebyiri
Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1, valve isanzwe y'umupira ugenda uhindagurika ku mimerere y'ubushyuhe ifite umwobo wo kugabanya umuvuduko ku ruhande rwo hejuru rw'umupira w'umupira kugira ngo wirinde ko umuvuduko wiyongera no kuzamuka iyo icyuma gihinduka mu cyiciro. Iyo valve ifunze, gazi karemano ifunze mu mwobo w'umubiri w'icyuma itangira gushonga no kwaguka, kandi ingano ishobora kugera ku nshuro 600 z'ingano y'umwimerere nyuma yo kwaguka neza, bishobora gutuma valve iturika. Kugira ngo birinde iki kibazo, valve nyinshi zisanzwe z'umupira zigenda zihindagurika zakoresheje uburyo bwo kugabanya umuvuduko wo hejuru. Kubera iyo mpamvu, valve zisanzwe z'umupira ntizishobora gukoreshwa mu bihe bisaba gufunga inzira ebyiri.
Kandi iki ni cyo cyiciro aho valve y'umupira w'amabara atukura y'inzira ebyiri ishobora kugaragaza impano zayo. Itandukaniro riri hagati y'iyi valve n'ivali isanzwe y'amabara atukura y'inzira imwe ni:
· Nta mwanya uhari ku mupira w'ingufu kugira ngo ugabanye umuvuduko
· Ishobora gufunga amazi mu byerekezo byombi
· Nta mwanya uhari ku mupira w'ingufu kugira ngo ugabanye umuvuduko
· Ishobora gufunga amazi mu byerekezo byombi
Muri valve y'umupira igendanwa ifite inzira ebyiri, intebe y'umwobo ifite inzira ebyiri isimbura uburyo bwo kugabanya umuvuduko wo hejuru. Intebe y'umwobo ifite inzira ebyiri ishobora kurekura umuvuduko ukabije uterwa na gaze karemano yashongeshejwe mu mwobo w'umubiri w'umwobo, bityo ikabuza umwobo guturika, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2.
Byongeye kandi, intebe ya valve ifite imashini ikoresha amashanyarazi ifasha mu gutuma valve iguma ku muvuduko muto no gukora neza mu gihe cy’izuba.
Valve y'umupira w'amapine ifite icyerekezo cy'uburyo bubiri ifite impeta yo gufunga girafute yo mu cyiciro cya kabiri, ku buryo valve igira imikorere yo kurinda inkongi. Keretse impanuka ikomeye yatumye ibice bya polymer bya valve bishya, agace ka kabiri ntigahura n'agace kayo. Mu gihe habaye impanuka, agace ka kabiri kazagera ku nshingano zo kurinda umutekano w'inkongi.
Ibyiza bya valve z'inzira ebyiri
Ugereranyije na valve zo mu kirere, valve z’umupira zihamye n’izishyizwe hejuru, valve y’umupira w’amaguru ifite inzira ebyiri ifite ibyiza byose bya valve y’umupira ifite amashanyarazi menshi, kandi nta mbogamizi ku cyerekezo cy’amazi n’icy’uburinzi. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwizewe mu bihe by’amazi; ingano yayo ni nto kandi imiterere yayo ni yoroshye. Actuator ihuye nayo yoroshye (guzunguruka iburyo) kandi ni ntoya. Izi nyungu bivuze ko sisitemu yose ari nto, yoroheje, kandi ihendutse.
Ugereranyije na valve zo mu kirere, valve z’umupira zihamye n’izishyizwe hejuru, valve y’umupira w’amaguru ifite inzira ebyiri ifite ibyiza byose bya valve y’umupira ifite amashanyarazi menshi, kandi nta mbogamizi ku cyerekezo cy’amazi n’icy’uburinzi. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwizewe mu bihe by’amazi; ingano yayo ni nto kandi imiterere yayo ni yoroshye. Actuator ihuye nayo yoroshye (guzunguruka iburyo) kandi ni ntoya. Izi nyungu bivuze ko sisitemu yose ari nto, yoroheje, kandi ihendutse.
Imbonerahamwe ya 1 igereranya valve y'umupira igendanwa y'inzira ebyiri n'izindi valve zifite imikorere isa ukurikije uburyo bwo kuyibungabunga, ingano, uburemere, urwego rwa torque, ingorane zo kuyigenzura, n'igiciro rusange, kandi igaragaza mu buryo bwuzuye ibyiza n'ibibi byayo.
Iyo ikigo gito cya LNG kirenze uburyo gikoresha umupira w’amaguru ukoresha ibyuma bibiri, gishobora guha umwanya mwiza ibyiza byihariye bya umupira w’amaguru, ni ukuvuga uburebure bwuzuye, umuvuduko mwinshi w’amazi n’umuvuduko mwinshi wo gusohora imiyoboro. Mu buryo bunyuranye, gishobora gushyigikira imiyoboro mito mu gihe kigumana umuvuduko umwe w’amazi, bityo gishobora kugabanya ingano, uburemere, n’uburemere bw’umuyoboro, ndetse gishobora no kugabanya ikiguzi cy’umuyoboro w’amazi.
Ingingo ibanziriza iyi yatanze ibyiza byo gukoreshwa nk'ingufu zo kuzimya. Iyo ikoreshejwe nk'ingufu zo kugenzura, ibyiza bizagaragara cyane. Iyo ikoreshejwe ingufu yo kuzunguruka y'umupira w'amaguru izunguruka neza, imiterere y'ibikoresho byo kwihutisha ingufu izagabanuka cyane, bityo ikaba ikintu cy'ingenzi cyakoreshwa kuri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza umuriro.
Ibintu by'ibanze biri muri iyi kit y'ikoranabuhanga ryavuzwe haruguru ni valve yoroheje kandi ikora y'uburyo bworoshye bwo gupima amashanyarazi, hamwe na actuator izunguruka ifite imiterere yoroshye kandi ihendutse.
Muri make, valve y'umupira w'amashanyarazi ifite icyerekezo cy'inzira ebyiri ifite akamaro "gakomeye" ku miyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Mu nyubako nto za LNG, ishobora guha umwanya wose ibyiza byayo.
Mu myaka mike ishize, iki gicuruzwa gishya cyagenzuwe mu buryo bufatika, bigaragaza ko gifite akamaro gakomeye ku giciro cy'umushinga ndetse n'imikorere yizewe y'igihe kirekire ya sisitemu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-17-2021