Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'iby'umwukaku mavali y'imiyoboro: Bigaragara ko ubwoko bubiri bwa actuators butandukanye cyane, kandi amahitamo agomba gukorwa hakurikijwe isoko y'amashanyarazi iboneka aho ishyirwa. Ariko mu by'ukuri iyi myumvire ibogamye. Uretse itandukaniro ry'ingenzi n'irigaragara, bafite n'ibintu byinshi bidasanzwe bitagaragara neza.

Imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi n'izikoresha umwuka ni zo zikoreshwa cyane mu gutwara ibintu mu buryo bwikora. Ubusanzwe, icyemezo cyo guhitamo imashini zikoresha umwuka gifatwa mu cyiciro cy'ibanze cy'igishushanyo, kandi kizakoreshwa kugeza ku iherezo ry'ubuzima nyuma yo gushyirwaho.

Mu guhitamo ubwoko bw'ingufu za actuator, abantu akenshi ntibareba ibipimo by'uburyo bwo gukora ibintu mu nzira, ahubwo bita gusa ku bikoresho by'imbere by'uwashushanyije, imiterere y'ingufu, cyangwa niba aho hantu hashobora gutanga gazi nyinshi yateguwe.

Ariko, mu gihe cy'imikorere, akenshi usanga hari valve zimwe na zimwe zigomba gushyirwamo actuators, cyangwa ibipimo by'uburyo bwo gukora muri valve zimwe na zimwe birahinduka. Ikibazo gikurikiraho ni iki: Ese nkwiye kugumana actuator ya mbere cyangwa nkayisimbuza indi actuator kugira ngo nongere imikorere?

Igihe kirekire cyo gukora

Iyi nkuru izagaragaza kandi igereranye imikorere y'ingenzi ya actuators z'amashanyarazi n'iz'umwuka.

Mu bihe bisanzwe, abakora bazishingira imikorere y’amashanyarazi ku mashini zikoresha amashanyarazi ku nshuro 10.000 n’imikorere y’amashanyarazi ku nshuro 100.000. Birumvikana ko ukurikije umubare w’imikorere, mashini ikoresha umwuka iramba bitewe n’imiterere yayo yoroshye. Byongeye kandi, ubuso bw’aho mashini ikoresha umwuka ikora bukozwe muri elastomer cyangwa polymer, kandi impeta za O-rings n’ibikoresho bya pulasitiki byashaje biroroshye gusimbuza.

Nk'igikoresho gikoresha amashanyarazi, ubusanzwe hari agasanduku k'amashanyarazi gatuma moteri igabanuka kava kuri moteri kajya ku gice cyo gusohora. Hari amagiteri menshi ahuza, akazashira mu gihe cyo gukora. Ni ngombwa kandi kumenya ko nta mpamvu yo guhindura amavuta atera mu gihe cyose cy'ubuzima bwa agiteri ikoresha amashanyarazi.

Torque

Kimwe mu bipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere ya actuators za valves z'imiyoboro ni torque. Torque ya actuator y'amashanyarazi iterwa n'igishushanyo (igice gihoraho) n'amashanyarazi akoreshwa kuri stator. Torque ya actuator y'umwuka iterwa n'igishushanyo (igice gihoraho) n'umuvuduko w'umwuka utangwa kuri actuator y'umwuka.

Muri rusange, imbaraga z'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi zigomba kuba zirenze imbaraga ntarengwa z'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, cyangwa zirenze imbaraga zisabwa kugira ngo umuntu yimure ikintu gifunga. Mu ikoreshwa ry'ukuri, imbaraga z'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi zishobora kuba zirenze imbaraga ntarengwa zivugwa n'ikirango cy'uruganda, ndetse zikanaruta imbaraga ntarengwa z'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi. Nta gushidikanya ko ibi ari ibintu byihutirwa.

Iyo ukomeje gukoresha actuator, ishobora kwangiza actuator na valve. Iyo torque ya valve yiyongereye, moteri izongera torque buhoro buhoro kugeza igeze ku gaciro ko gusohora (agaciro ko gusohora). Ibi bivuze ko imiterere ya mekanike ihatirwa gusohora no kwihanganira torque nyinshi irenze urugero rw'igishushanyo.

Uburinzi burenze urugero bw'imbaraga

Kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibikoresho byangirika muri ibi bintu byavuzwe haruguru, igikoresho cy’amashanyarazi gishobora gushyirwaho ibikoresho byihariye. Igikunze gukoreshwa cyane ni igikoresho cy’amashanyarazi, gishobora kuba igikoresho cy’ikoranabuhanga (ihame risanzwe rikoreshwa ni uko igikoresho cy’ingufu kigenda ku murongo mu gihe cy’ingufu nyinshi); gishobora kandi kuba ikoranabuhanga (ihame risanzwe ni ugupima umuvuduko wa stator, cyangwa ingaruka za Hall.). Iyo torque irenze agaciro ntarengwa kagenwe, igikoresho cy’amashanyarazi gishobora guca voltage ya stator no guhagarika moteri y’amashanyarazi. Nta mpamvu yo kurinda torque nyinshi muri mashini zikoresha umwuka. Iyo torque ikoreshejwe kuri mashini irengeje urugero rwagenwe, imiterere y’umwuka ufunze ituma mashini ikoresha umwuka ihagarika kugenda. Bitandukanye n’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi, torque y’amashanyarazi isohoka ntabwo izarenga urugero rw’igishushanyo. Bishobora gufatwa ko niba icyuma cy’amashanyarazi gifite igikoresho cy’amashanyarazi, ibyago byo kwangirika kw’ibikoresho bitewe n’uko torque irenze agaciro kagenwe bikurwaho.

Igishushanyo mbonera kidaturika

Iyo hari ibicuruzwa biteje akaga mu bidukikije bikoreshwa, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bishobora gutera guturika. Ku bijyanye n'urwego rw'uburinzi n'uburyo bwo kurinda mu bidukikije biteje akaga, ntabwo biri muri iyi ngingo bitewe n'aho umwanya ugarukira.

Nubwo bimeze gutyo, birakenewe gushimangira ko ibikoresho bidaturika bigomba gukoreshwa ahantu hari ibikoresho biteje akaga.

Ugereranyije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe by'amashanyarazi bisanzwe mu nganda, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bidaturika bya vali z'imiyoboro birahenze cyane kandi biragoye mu miterere yabyo. Nubwo ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byakoreshwa mu kirere biteje akaga, nta ngaruka zishobora guterwa n'iturika. Ku bikoresho by'amashanyarazi biteje akaga, imiterere yihariye y'ibidukikije biteje akaga igarukira ku bikoresho byo gushyiramo ibintu, vali za solenoid na switch zo kugabanya (Ishusho ya 1-3). Mu buryo nk'ubwo, niba ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bifite ibikoresho bidaturika bikoreshwa mu gukoresha vali y'imiyoboro, ikiguzi kizaba gito cyane ugereranyije n'icy'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bidaturika bifite akazi kamwe.

Gushyiramo umwanya

Imashini zikora amashanyarazi zikoresha umwuka zifite imwe mu ngorane zikomeye. Iyo imashini ikora amashanyarazi igeze hagati mu gihe cyo gutera amashanyarazi, aho ishyirwa riba rigoye cyane, bivuze ko aho imashini ishyira amashanyarazi mu gice cyo kugenzura amashanyarazi biba bigoye cyane.

Bitewe n'imiterere y'umwuka, uburyo umwuka uhagaze neza buri munsi y'uburyo umwuka uhumeka. Iyo igikoresho cy'amashanyarazi gikoresheje moteri igenda, uburyo kigaragara neza bwo gushyiramo ibintu buri hejuru cyane y'uburyo umwuka uhumeka ufite positioner. Iyi ya nyuma ishobora gukoreshwa gusa kuri sisitemu zidasaba uburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu buri hejuru cyangwa uburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu. Ibikoresho by'umwuka bikoreshwa mu miyoboro bifite imiterere yabyo mu miterere y'imiterere: ibice byose bya sisitemu yo kugenzura bishyirwa ku buso bw'inyuma bwa activeteur, cyangwa hanze y'inyubako nyamukuru. Niba ukeneye guhindura uburyo bwo gukora kuva kuri off ujya kuri control, ugomba gusimbuza valve ya solenoid ukoresheje positioner. Kubera ko ibi bice bibiri bishyirwa inyuma ya activeteur ya pressure, kandi imiterere y'ubuso bwo guhuza ikaba imwe, biroroshye cyane gukuraho igikoresho gikwirakwiza ibintu no gushyiraho positioner. Mu yandi magambo, igikoresho kimwe cy'umwuka gishobora gukoreshwa haba mu kuzimya no kugenzura ukoresheje ibikoresho bijyana nabyo (Ishusho ya 1-2).